Jean-Baptiste Alliette, known by his pseudonym Etteilla, was a French occultist and cartomancer who made significant contributions to the practice of Tarot reading. Born in 1738, Etteilla became a prominent figure in the esoteric world during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Revolutionising Tarot Interpretation: Etteilla was one of the first occultists to publish books specifically focused on the interpretation of Tarot cards. In 1785, he released "Manière de se récréer avec le jeu de cartes nommées tarots" (How to Entertain Yourself with the Deck of Cards Called Tarots), which became one of the earliest Tarot divination manuals.
The First Tarot Grand Etteilla: Etteilla also designed his own Tarot deck, known as the "Grand Etteilla" or "Tarot Égyptien." Unlike traditional Tarot decks of the time, which featured only allegorical illustrations, Etteilla's deck incorporated Egyptian motifs and symbols, reflecting his fascination with ancient Egyptian mysticism.
Divinatory Meanings: In his writings, Etteilla assigned specific divinatory meanings to each Tarot card, linking them to various aspects of life, such as love, money, health, and career. This system marked a departure from the Tarot's original use as a simple card game and laid the foundation for modern Tarot reading methods.
The Concept of Reversed Cards: Etteilla was also the first to introduce the concept of reversed Tarot cards, where the cards' meanings change when drawn upside down. This added a layer of depth and complexity to Tarot readings, allowing for more nuanced interpretations and insights.
Spread Formation: Etteilla popularized the use of card spreads in Tarot readings. He developed various layouts, such as the "Grand Etteilla Spread," which involved laying out the cards in specific patterns to gain a comprehensive view of the querent's situation.
Esoteric Significance: Etteilla believed that Tarot cards held hidden esoteric meanings, particularly related to Kabbalistic and Egyptian symbolism. He saw Tarot as a powerful tool for uncovering hidden truths and gaining insights into the spiritual realms.
Legacy: Etteilla's influence on Tarot reading can still be felt today. His divinatory meanings and spread formations have been integrated into modern Tarot practices, and his Tarot deck designs have inspired numerous variations and interpretations.
In conclusion, Etteilla's pioneering work in the field of Tarot divination laid the groundwork for modern Tarot reading practices. Through his books, card designs, and innovative approach to Tarot interpretation, he played a crucial role in transforming the Tarot from a mere card game into a powerful tool for divination and spiritual exploration.