The Havamal (also known as Hávamál, "Sayings of the High One") is a collection of Old Norse poems and sayings contained within the larger Poetic Edda text. It is considered one of the most important works of Norse mythology and a source of wisdom for the Viking Age.
The Havamal contains a series of counsels and teachings on various aspects of life, such as wisdom, ethics, conduct in battle, and the workings of fate. The text is attributed to the Norse god Odin, and is said to offer guidance to those who seek a life of honor and success.
One of the central themes of the Havamal is the importance of self-reliance and personal responsibility. The text encourages individuals to act with courage and wisdom, and to trust their own instincts rather than relying on the advice of others. This individualism is a common thread in Viking philosophy, and is a reflection of the warrior culture of the time.
Another key aspect of the Havamal is its focus on wisdom. The text includes numerous sayings and proverbs that impart knowledge on a variety of topics, from the importance of hospitality to the dangers of greed. These sayings are often cryptic and poetic, and are meant to challenge the reader to contemplate their meaning and apply the lessons to their own life.
One of the most notable sections of the Havamal is the list of 18 "laws" or principles for living a good life. These laws are not laws in the traditional sense, but rather guidelines or wise sayings meant to inspire and guide one's actions. Some of the most well-known of these laws include:
- Speak little and do much
- Show respect to those who deserve it
- Do not take what is not given to you
- Keep your word
- Do not be too forward with others
- Do not bear grudges
- Do not be hasty in making friends
- Do not trust those who flatter you
- Do not speak ill of others
- Keep your own counsel
- Do not mix with those who break their word
- Do not be too eager to make enemies
- Do not lend what you cannot spare
- Do not waste your time on those who are not worth it
- Do not waste your time on those who cannot help you
- Do not be too quick to anger
- Do not be too quick to forgive
- Be mindful of your actions and their consequences.
These 18 laws are considered by many to be timeless principles that can help individuals lead a good and virtuous life. They offer practical advice for navigating the complexities of human relationships, as well as guidance for how to live a life of integrity and wisdom.